Period+2

**Quotes:**

 * "U Po Kyin, Subdivisional Magistrate of Kyauktada, in Upper Burma, was sitting in the the veranda." (Orwell, 1)
 * "U Po Kyin's earliest memory back in the 'eighties, was of standing, naked, pot-bellied child, watching the British troops march victorious into Mandalay. He remembered the terror he had felt of those columns of great beef-fed men, red-faced and red-coated; and the long rifles over their shoulders, and the heavy, rhythimic tramp of their boots." (Orwell, 1)
 * "And he would return to the earth in male human shape- for a woman ranks at about the same level as a rat or a frog..." (Orwell, 7-8) This quote shocked me because of how sexist and degrading it is. U Po Kyin, the character speaking, has no apparent respect for women. It honestly hurt me to think that a woman would be compared to a rat or a frog. However those are the beliefs of the Buddhist in Burma.
 * "He's [Mr. Macgregor] asking us to break all our rules and take a dear little nigger-boy into this Club." (Orwell, 22)
 * "When she [Flo] was a yard away he fired, Blowing her skull to fragments." (Orwell, 281)
 * "He [U Po Kyin] was practically invulnerable, because he was too fine a judge of men ever to choose a wrong instrument, and also because he was too absorbed in intrigue ever to fail through carelessness or ignorance." (Orwell, 7)

Articles: Here are some articles that may interest you about the current situations in Myanmar:
http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/28/asia/myanmar.php http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/international/countriesandterritories/myanmar/index.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,-6950741,00.html
The age of this book is set at the end of british Imperialism in the mid 1950's. During this time, The Britsh seperated the Burmese people into two main classes under one society. One class was dedicated into following British rule and adapt new customs to their old ones. The other class is that of the traditional Burma people. Militaristic and a follower of peaceful practices that is what imperialism has left for these people. A constant struggle to unite Burma under one true culture. After the British left Burma, Burma became a military run site both a mix of western and Eastern practices. As of now, Than Shwe is the senior general and holds the power for peace, development and defense services. Mainly military, the Myanmar government gets a lot of resistance from The monks and the people who look up to them. Although Burma is trying to adopt democracy, there is a lot of resistance from the military regime who are trying to stop and dictate the types of democracy to govern the land. I n recent politics, the military regime has had a lot of riots and protests against the Burman's and of the Monks.
 * Politics/ History:**

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 * __Terms/Vocabulary Needed To Enter The World Of Burma__**


 * Arakanese- Of or pertaining to Arakan, a district on the west coast of Burma, or its inhabitants.
 * Qui s'excuse s'accuse- he who excuses himself accuses himself.
 * Agent provocateur- a [erson who secretly disrupts a groups activities from within the group. they usually represent the interests of another group or are designated to provoke unrest, violence, debate, or argument by or within a particular group while acting as a member.
 * a' propos de bottes- used to change the subject
 * danse du pukka sahib- a native dance
 * Pagri- a turban tying ceremony, which is associated with Sikhism. Mostly takes place in the Western countries. Also, it is a light turban or head covering worn by inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent.
 * muchan- a wooden stick used as a weapon. It is practiced as the basics of dagger fightinh.
 * in terrorem- (Latin) a legal term used to describe a warning, usually one given in hope of compelling someone to act w/o resorting to a lwasuit or prosecution.
 * pukka sahib- a slang term in Hindi words, used in the British Empire to describe Europeans but mostly to describe an attitude which British administartions affected.
 * mali--In South Asia: a member of a caste whose traditional occupation is gardening; any non-European gardener
 * longyis- a sheet of cloth. It is often sewn into a cylindrical shape. It is worn around the waist, running to the feet.
 * chokra- (South Asian) an offensive term for a boy, especially one who works as a servant.
 * ingyi—A traditional Burmese costume worn during festivals of great cultural importance.
 * dacoit-A member of a class of robbers in India and Burma, who plunder in armed bands
 * lakhs-Literally one hundred thousand, but it can also be used more generally as an indefinite number. The term is commonly used in regard to money, more specifically to rupees.
 * rupee-The monetary unit of India, represented by a cupro-nickel (formerly silver) coin and equivalent to 100 paise. Also, the monetary unit of Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and a number of other countries.
 * shiko—The posture of prostration with joined hands and bowed head assumed by a Burmese in presence of a superior, or before an object of reverence or worship.
 * betel— The leaf of a plant, which is wrapped round a few parings of the areca nut and a little shell lime, and chewed by the natives of India and neighboring countries as a masticatory.
 * pagoda—A religious building of the Far East, especially a multistory Buddhist tower, erected as a memorial or shrine.
 * punkah—A large fan consisting of a framed covered with canvas that is suspended from the ceiling; used in India for circulating air in a room.
 * La Vie Parisienne—Was one of the more famous and well-known Parisienne magazines. Originally intended as a guide to the privileged social and artistic life in the French capital, it soon evolved into a mildly risqué publication in which illustrations of scantily dressed damsels abounded.
 * burra sahib—Great, used as title of respect; an important official, manager, chief.
 * Blackwood’s--Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine was a monthly magazine published in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the 19th and early 20th century. It “encouraged feelings of super-nationalism in connection with British exploration…,” according to Lisa Gitelman, “Arthur Gordon Pym and the Novel Narrative of Edgar Allen Poe.” Nineteenth Century Literature 1992. JSTOR . UCI Lib., Irvine, CA. Dec 2005 
 * sans peur et sans reproche--French phrase meaning “without fear and without reproach”
 * durwan—A doorkeeper.
 * gaungbaung—Literally, “headgear.” a sort of cloth worn on the head to keep the wearer cool during the hot Burmese afternoons.
 * mahseer--A large, powerful fish, it is the largest member of the carp family in the world. Mahseer means “great mouth” in India, an apt name for the long slim creature known to be the toughest fighter amongst fresh water sports fish.
 * saya gyi—saya means "teacher"; gyi is a suffix denoting respect.
 * thugyi-min—Respectful term for the village headman or thugyi.
 * sahiblog--“sahib” is a respectful title used by the natives of India in addressing an Englishman or other European (= ‘Sir’); in native use, an Englishman, a European. English living in the East. Comb. as sahib-log [Urdu log people, caste], the European gentlefolk in India. http://dictionary.oed.com/
 * dahl—A common Indian dish made from dahl seed. It is then used to make a stew-like mixture which can be eaten with lentils, legumes, onions, and various spices.
 * mamootie--A hand-tool for digging, shaped like a hoe with the blade at an acute angle to the handle, used mainly in S. Asia.
 * sepoy-- A native of India employed as a soldier by a European power.
 * sampan-wallah—A word that means “a boatman in charge of a sampan.”
 * pwe—A “spectacular feast” that includes a variety of entertainment such as theater, dance, marionette and music. Religious ceremonies, weddings, funerals are examples of few events that can trigger a pwe, which lasts all night. There are various aspects of a pwe. A zat-pwe comprises of a live performance, which includes dialogue and music, that retells ancient stories or Buddhist legends. The Burmese legends usually result in a moral lesson. A yoke-the-pwe includes a performance of puppets. An anyein Pwe consists of a series of dances that also feature clowns and, most importantly, a solo-dance, as demonstrated in Burmese Days. The performers dress up in performance attire, and dance to the songs that the clowns sing. Burmese dance emphasizes posture, not movement. The dances are categorized into two distinct groups: folk dance and dramatic dance. Folk dance varies with different types of drums. There is the bongyi, which is a big drum, the Bom-shay, which is a long drum, the ozi, which is a long, one side drum, and the doebat, which is a portable drum with two faces. The dramatic dances separate into the ritual dance, which honors Buddha or the spirits, the court dance, which is danced to Si-daw-gyi, or the big and long hanged drum, the theatrical classic dance, also called the Raymana dance, and the dance of Anyein, also known as the solo dance. http://www.myanmarmtetours.com/myanmar.htm
 * topi—A type of Nepalian-Burmese cap; men’s traditional code of dress.
 * gharry—A horse drawn cab especially in India or Egypt.
 * joie de vivre— “joy of living,” but loosely synonymous to a feeling of healthy enjoyment of life; exuberance, high spirits.
 * thakin-- A term of respectful address used by the Burmese.
 * Pink’un—A nickname for a newspaper printed on pink paper.
 * Shabash!—Interjection from Urdu and Persian, “be joyful.” It is used in South Asia to mean “well done!” Used to congratulate or praise another person for having done something well.
 * rass-wallah—one who supplies feed. Certain Hindi or Hindustani words that were adopted in Anglo-Indian use or cited in popular Anglo-Indian spelling, as Agra wallah, native of Agra, banghy-wallah, a porter who carries loads with a banghy or shoulder-yoke, howdah-wallah, an elephant accustomed to carry a howdah, jungle-wallah, man of the jungle.
 * pis aller-- The final recourse or expedient; the last resort.
 * flagrante delicto-- (Latin: "while [the crime] is blazing") is a legal term used to indicate that a criminal has been caught in the act of committing an offense.
 * neglige - a loose dressing gown for women.